But everything I said still remains the same. Voltorb Flip Coins: Is there another place for making those coins?? I want the Porygon,and if there is no other way,can anyone tell me some tips on how to beat it and get more coins,becuz I have only made 36 coins in 2 days. Mark such rows and/or columns with the Memo ("X" button) as "x1" on all. Fossil Fighters: Champions. File Name: VFH. Source. game corner. How it works: insert the values you get in game, the points and the voltorbs in each row/column. Each space has a 1, a 2, a 3, or a Voltorb behind it. I had been working on a solver for Voltorb Flip that placed a specific number of 0s in each row and filled the rest of the row with 1s, then retried until it matched up with the number of 0s (Voltorbs) in each column. The goal of the game is to find all of the 2 and 3 tiles without flipping over any Voltorb tiles (bombs). Ok thats what i was thinking may i. It hasnt worked for me once. 7. To win a game, flip over all the 2 and 3 cards. These cards are not worth flipping over because they are either 1 (which will not. Voltorb-flip GUI App Using The Python - Tkinter program for student, beginner and beginners and professionals. I often play to get Dratini and Ice Beam. Voltorb Flip Helper v. Just to add some variety to this discussion; Voltorb Flip is garbage. Part 1: The Limits of Determinism discusses the Voltorb Flip minigame, what it is, and a few basic rules to help play it better. Please fill out the below information to the best of your ability so that we can know what. What does this mean? Well, 3+1= 4 points. you can help us to improve it . Learns Brick Break at level 19 IIRC, one-shots Clefairy at that level and two-hits Miltank :) Please elaborate on how to guarantee it. Vzing 12 years ago #1. I found it before and it worked, and now I can't find it again. Carbo Diem neologist total posts: 407 since: Jun 2003. At some point after a certain level, if you are able to flip over all of the 1, 2, and 3 cards, and clear a level that way, you can advance past level 7. Usually you can get that much from a single play of Voltorb flip, as the prize accumulates and if you reach from lvl5 and above, the profit is really nice each time. SOLUTIONLet me show you a Lv 1 game. Sonicfan574 13 years ago #1. First correct Voltorb Flip solver (Popular ones didn't even ask for the level :D). For Pokemon HeartGold Version on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Lanowen's Voltorb Flip Helper: buggy?". ago. My program uses the board info to narrow down possible boards using contrant programming. Through process of elimination and sometimes just luck you can find out which cards are safe to flip over. This is a demonstration on how to play Voltorb Flip properly. Heart Gold FC: 4641 1142 6007. ago. F*ck Voltorb Flip. This is the voltorb flip helper. From the mind of Albert Einstein. Voltorb Flip Helper says the best way to get help with its software is by visiting SourceForge Create a. I've been researching Voltorb Flip for reasons I'll get into below, and I can't find anything indicating what it's based off of. Voltorb Flip is a cross between Sudoku and Minesweeper, with the added twist that it isn’t completely deterministic. Voltorb has been featured on 35 different cards since it debuted in the Base Set of the Pokémon Trading Card Game. I like the idea of lots of logic and a little bit of luck (minesweeper). Sign Up for free (or Log In if you already have an account) to be able to post messages, change how messages are displayed, and view media in posts. In Part 2, we developed a heuristic algorithm that succeeded at clearing 71% of Voltorb Flip boards. ago. It’s all about the numbers. Strange-Calendar1150 • 6 mo. . You would put in the numbers and everything, and it would give you a list of solutions based on that, telling you where the voltorbs are and everything. It is rumored that it was first created when a Poké Ball was exposed to a powerful pulse of energy. Voltorb Flip is a puzzle minigame found in the Game Corners of Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver that can be described as a mix between Picross/Nonograms and Minesweeper. I've never played Voltorb Flip in the canon games, but the Bulbapedia article claims that you can use Memo Mode to mark a square as a 1, 2, 3, or…For Pokemon SoulSilver Version on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "All the voltorb flip calculators suck. TIMESTAMPS:1:36 - Voltorb Flip Starts9:40 - Voltorb Flip Ends11:23 - Shiny ShowcaseDemonstration of RNG Manipulation to beat Voltorb Flip quickly. Solve any rows with 0 voltorbs and key those in as well. In order to guess what cards are what, you are told the sum of all numbers and number of voltorbs. If you hit a 2, your score is multiplied by 2, by 3 if you hit a 3. Until level 7+, you should be able to mathematically figure which space will have what. It's more fun than slots, but because it actually involves some thought, it takes a lot longer to get coins. I have spent 5 goddamn hours on this stupid minigame using proper…In this thread you can ask for help from your fellow Reborn players as to how to best go about getting over that hump. . One number gives the total of all the numbers in that row/column, and the other gives the number of Voltorbs. Unwillingly I flipped the two beside because I didnt know what else to do and bam it was a voltorb instead of a 2Go back to Bill's lighthouse, talk to Bill and there you go! You can catch porygon fusions and porygon himself! Hope this'll be helpful!! 9. Flying, Steel, and Electric moves are not very effective. Voltorb Flip. How it works: insert the values you get in game, the points and the voltorbs in each row/column. In every Pokemon game of Heart Gold & Soul Silver, the slots were taken out, and were replaced with Flips. com website as the top result. You can also figure out totals based on each non-orb being at least 1. It should work to reward the psychopath that sits there all day somehow trying to make coins off it. There is no way to buy Coins in HeartGold/SoulSilver; they have to be earned by playing Voltorb Flip, which does not cost any Coins to play. Players flip cards over 1 by 1 until either all 2 or 3 cards are found or the player finds a Voltorb, which ends the game. Then 2 boxes at the right side and also 2 boxes below which is the total coin / voltorb of the row. To do this, look at the number of Voltorbs compared to the number of points. Sometimes it’ll be harder than others and you may need to take a shot in the dark, but once you have them all marked up per row/column, you can take out. answered Aug 14, 2013 by fondant. Levels are fully supported as they appear in the original. 0045. This is online pokemon role playing game which is open source and planned to be organized on website of PFC ( Pokemon Fan Club) (g+). After that, just do some basic math according to the values you get. Voltorb has one type, Electric. jar Voltorb Flip from Carti's new story. You need to try and flip numbers only. Since those are almost useless to flip. also, to find a dead row, just look at the amount of voltorb and the sum of cards. Voltorb's ability is either Soundproof or Static. With little information about Voltob Flip in the game, it can seem impossible to get the "Explosive hat". Voltorb Flip game over Voltorb Flip explosion Voltorb Flip tile Voltorb Flip point Voltorb Flip win Voltorb Flip level down Ctrl+F will allow you to find, Control+H allows you to find and replace. jar ; Author: voltorb; License: Freeware (Free) File Size: 13 Kb; Runs on: N/A. If you lose/quit on a level higher than one, two things can happen:-If the number of cards currently flipped (not counting the voltorb) is equal to or greater than the level number, then you will remain on that level. On Steam Workshop. I would start with getting all the free coins in the arcade, there is like 1000+ free coins. When you win, the level increases by 1. some files may be called ‘jumpoutthehouse bounce 2’ but that doesn’t mean the title is jumpoutthehouse bounce 2) I'd say having both the ability to buy coins AND play Voltorb Flip is the best of both worlds, though. Fox2quick • 2 mo. When you tap a square, you will flip it over to see what it. This majestic creature one-shot 10/12 Mons on Wallace's and Steven's teams in Emerald Rogue with Facade, including 3 Steel types and 5 legendaries. In every Pokemon game of Heart Gold & Soul Silver, the slots were taken out, and were replaced with Flips. Voltorb Flip is freaking cancer. Then, flag any lines where the points+bombs=5 (that line can ONLY have "1"s and bombs). It was by far the best calculator for the game and the only ones left aren't any good. The game features a five-by-five grid of tiles, underneath which are hidden numbers (which multiply the player's score if located) and Voltorb (which Selfdestruct and cause the player to lose all points). Voltorb Flip is a minigame in Pokemon Heart Gold and Soul Silver. As you will see later, a number of strategies take advantage of the fact that the '1's need not be opened in order to win a game. I have a love/hate relationship with Voltorb Flip. He will give you an Abra in exchange for 200 coins, as often as you want, until you either have a. There are many, and I will choose not to play favorites, but I recommend picking one that. New Relic provides the most powerful cloud-based observability platform built to help companies create more perfect software. a. haha I just fond it! No Voltorb flipping for me. Like, is there a slot machine with better odds? Or better yet, one that's rigged to always land 7. Anyway What are some good nicknames for slowpoke and furret? I'm thinking my flaffy can get nicknamed shocky or shockster seeing as how it's an electric type. Go to. You can't guarantee a win, no algorithms can confirm with 100% accuracy. None of the code is commented (sorry) but I'm open to pull requests if you have a bug fix or feature. For Pokemon HeartGold Version on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Highest lvl you've gotten to in Voltorb Flip?" - Page 4. Hello This is Francis's Solver, There are many complaints about Voltorb Flip being too hard. It evolves into Electrode starting at level 30. The voltorb flip is so annoying! I can't get no coins. (Row) Example, you have a row with 3 points and 4 voltorbs, obviously the only # possible in the row is a 3 So mark the whole row with voltorb and 3 only. Hello, I was playing Voltorb Flip (Curse that minigame! >_<), and I was on level 6. To win the level, you must hit all of the 2s and 3s. For example, if you see any of the following setups, go into the markup thingy and put a dot on all the squares for that row. Open Source Online Pokemon RPG. Voltorb Flip Guide. Instantly get the answer to any Voltorb Flip puzzle from Pokemon Heart Gold and Soul Silver. After you collect some coins (6-12 roughly), hit Quit. Sep 4, 2023VOF Solver finds solutions for the voltorb flip game of pokemon heartgold and soulsilver and helps chosing the cell with the lowest risk of losing the game. It’s a bit like a mix of Minesweeper and Sudoku. One comment to make on Soul Silver: Voltorb Flip is fucking horseshit and I hate it. With little information about Voltob Flip in the game, it can seem impossible to get the "Explosive hat". I've been grinding the slots for like 20 minutes and have gotten basically 50 coins profit. A "voltorb" is just a pokemon used to represent a 0), a one, a two, or a three. 7. Voltorb Flip may seem imposing, but all you need to do is this: Ignore any row and/or column where the coins and Voltorbs add-up to five(5). This was done to remove gambling in the game. Hello everyone! I just wrapped up a very, very long session of playing voltorb flip in order to get 30,000 coins. When you lose, you drop back to lvl X, where X is the number of cards you flipped in your last game. Voltorb Flip mark. jar ; Author: voltorb; License: Freeware (Free) File Size: 13 Kb; Runs on: N/A. Author: Espik 23. 42K subscribers. For Pokemon SoulSilver Version on the DS, a GameFAQs Q&A. Since the object is to flip over only the 2 and 3 cards you must determine which rows do not have 2 or 3. . Slots were pure luck! Voltorb flip just takes the use of logic. I see online now that these games sell for $40 USED without any pokewalkers. 101. See Project. Iwantedzero (Topic Creator) 13 years ago #5. Solver for the "Voltorb Flip" puzzle game in Pokemon Heart Gold and Soul Silver - GitHub - DavieV/voltorb-flip: Solver for the "Voltorb Flip" puzzle game in Pokemon Heart Gold and Soul SilverIf the number you flip is below your current level, you will be dropped to the level equal to the number of panels you flipped before losing. I've been at this an hour and haven't gotten fucking anywhere. Voltorb Flip Calculator! [Possible Repost] : r/pokemon. How it works: insert the values you get in game, the points and the voltorbs in each row/column. Voltorb Flip is a puzzle minigame found in the Game Corners of Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver that can be described as a mix between Picross/Nonograms and. 1. If a cardhas 1 voltorb, and the number above the voltorbs is 4. Voltorb Flip is okay for me now but I was pissed when SS first came out. For each successive number you uncover, your coins are multiplied by whatever the number is. (You’ll use the markers indicate what you know for sure ISN’T in a space). For Pokemon HeartGold Version on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Voltorb Flip Advice. #6 (message deleted) SSJ2__Gohan (Topic Creator) 13 years ago #7. 1. =/. 0. This is true of lower levels, to move from level four to five you need to turn over at least 5 tiles on the game you win on level 4. Even if you spend 10 minutes on each voltorb flip board you are still left with a 50/50 coin flip chance for if you are right or not. This will help you solve the Voltorb Flip game in Pokemon Soul Silver and Heart This will help you solve the Voltorb Flip game in Pokemon Soul Silver and Heart Gold. The number on top is the total amount of points to be found in that column/row (so if there's a 1, a 2, and a 3, it will read as 6), while the number next to the Voltorb is the. What is Voltorb Flip? Voltorb Flip is a mini game played at the game corner in Celadon in Pokemon Heart Gold/Soul Silver. INTRO - Introduction VF. I've been at this an hour and haven't gotten fucking anywhere. VOF Solver finds solutions for the voltorb flip game of pokemon heartgold and soulsilver and helps chosing the cell with the lowest risk of losing the game. There is a number on top of that and the higher it is, the more likely you will get a 3 or a 2 on the card. Fossil Fighters. Always choose to continue unless you need to do something else immediately or if you're brought down to level 1. You already know that the entire yellow row is voltorb, so the rest of the cards must be numbers!ArchaicStorm • 6 mo. It replaces the traditional slot machines found in past Game Corners, and appears in all languages. I hate how much coins do I need to get a TM. You take a look at the numbers, and the top is the amount of numbers in the row/column, the bottom is the amount of voltorbs. Ever been interested in Pokemon HeartGold and SoulSilver's Voltorb Flip minigame but never understood it? CHiLL is here with a tutorial and tips on how to pr. Legend: ~ = Voltorb or 1, doesn't matter. Voltorb Flip is a minigame of the Goldenrod and Celadon Game Corners in the Korean and Western releases of Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver. The four numbered buttons allow you to make notes on each card to help. Reddit iOS Reddit Android Rereddit Best Communities Communities About Reddit Blog Careers Press. Open your memo. For Pokemon HeartGold Version on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Okay, this Voltorb Flp Helper is awful and stupid. Some things i do is open all the ones that have zero voltorb. There is no way to buy Coins in HeartGold/SoulSilver; they have to be earned by playing Voltorb Flip, which does not cost any Coins to play. 5 cards, and if you verify a "x1" as a. Try to figure out what tiles have a 2 or 3, and disregard all the other ones. While it's technically better than the slot machines in that a level of skill is necessary to really do all that well in the game, the fact that there's always an element of luck in not just one game, but each round, and the fact that the best special TMs in not just the early-game but the game in. Thanks for the help. Downloads: 0 This Week Last Update: 2016-07-24. Of course, if you noticed there might be some guessing, but my program will help you make that better guess. Now comes a slightly more difficult part: sometimes, you have 0 voltorb fields crossing over 4 voltorb fields. VOLTORB Flip is a minesweeper-like game, in which you have to flip all 2 and 3 valued tiles in order to win. I had a choice between PokeAthlon, Bug-Catching contest or Voltorb Flip. Previous You're on page 1; NextJaff et al. VOLTORB Flip - Jul 29, 10; help on voltorb flip game - Aug 6, 12; Voltorb Flip Game. Fox2quick • 2 mo. To start using, enter total coins / voltorb for. It evolves into Electrode starting at level 30. It’s kind of similar to minesweeper, although the #s that flip over don’t indicate how. In Pokemon Heartgold and Soulsilver, Voltorb Flip is your ticket to a few rare pokemon, and some great TMs!Voltorb Flip Tips. Voltorb is a Electric-type Pokémon. I don't know if this is the right place to post this but I just hope this is helpful. Rule #1: No Voltorb. (ex. Higher levels offer higher rewards, but a higher risk as well. I got over. G_Fan_123 13 years ago #6. An application that calculates the best moves to play in Voltorb Flip. Xbox Live: Chicken Brik. If you find all of. It earns over 25k coins. For Pokemon HeartGold Version on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Voltorb Flip tips". This reflects falling to a certain level when you. [VERSION 1. Many different modes so you can choose your favorite strategy! Can use any number of processor cores. For example, say that, after doing the first stepts of this method, you focus your attention to a row and column that intersect, both reading 6 Points/1 Voltorb. Voltorb Flip clone. Just beat Whitney (Thank you for not missing Fire Blast Quilava) and decided to play some "Mini-Games". Share the wealth. Mark such rows and/or columns with the Memo ("X" button) as "x1" on all 5 cards, and if you verify a "x1" as a Voltorb, mark it as such. Since these contain either 1 or voltorb, you should never open them. A tool to help solve the sodoku-like puzzle minigame from the games Pokemon Heartgold and Soulsilver - GitHub - d-kinsella/Voltorb-Flip-Solver: A tool to help solve the sodoku-like puzzle minigame from the games Pokemon Heartgold and SoulsilverVoltorb Flip Helper. I love Voltorb Flip. There’s probably some good YouTube videos on it. 2. Voltorb Flip is a minigame found in the Game Corners of Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver that can be described as a cross between Picross and Minesweeper. The above helper can serve as a guide to help you "cheat" in this game. This is an open source faithful recreation of VOLTORB Flip from Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver written in typescript (a superset of javascript). You can also figure out totals based on each non-orb being at least 1. (citation needed, anyone know the real. Flip over all cards in lines where the number of Voltorb is zero. Psychic Trainer. Download Voltorb Flip Helper for free. If you get torbed before reveal a number of squares equal to the level you're on, you drop to that level. In Pokemon Heartgold and Soulsilver, Voltorb Flip is your ticket to a few rare pokemon, and some great TMs! Unfortunately, there's quite a bit of a learning. 0. Pokemon HeartGold Version. In Part 2. This is a five grid game. No mixing and matching. Why do so many people have trouble with Voltorb Flip Cup? It’s the best game corner game of any Pokémon game. , I can just buy coins on my ruby and send whatever TM I want over to my. Revive your fossils in Spinel town, and elekid is in a house in Calcenon city. Released: Mar 5, 2022. These squares may conceal a '1', a '2', a '3', or a Voltorb. I'd just get it and get out as quickly as you can, though. You can get 10 000 points at the game corner in goldenrod and trade them for the ice beam. The Onyx Arcade is the Game Corner of the Reborn Region, where the Player may play games to earn coins and purchase prizes with them. Cool program; I think you can get significant improvements without much math by randomly generating boards that satisfy the row and column constraints and using those for a simple estimate of which tiles are safe. For Pokemon SoulSilver Version on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "Voltorb Flip". Ultimately voltorb flip is the only guaranteed way of making money since slots are all down to luck. The above helper can serve as a guide to help you "cheat" in this game. Some things i do is open all the ones that have zero voltorb. /end pointless rant. There are twenty-five spaces in a five-by-five grid. 1. Your goal for the game is to uncover all tiles bearing either a '2' or a '3'. Voltorb flip Pokemon - HeartGold SoulSilver Help Forum. VoltorbFlip. Last revision: 26 Feb, 2022 at 02:47 UTC. One comment to make on Soul Silver: Voltorb Flip is fucking horseshit and I hate it. ago. Voltorb Flip's coin output compared to the cost of the TMs is just ridiculous >_> Plus, the slots were fun to play too, but I preferred the roulette most; that was really good. I've never thought of it, but being able to buy the coins would also help a lot. Pokémon. Second, in any row or column where the line value and the number of Voltorb add up to five, mark every card in that line with a 1. I think I got up to level 6 eventually, but it just feels like flipping coins at a certain point. I wrote an online Voltorb Flip Helper that uses this algorithm to determine the best space to uncover. How it works: insert the values you get in game, the points and the voltorbs in each row/test1. ALWAYS. Hate voltorb flip? Well I'm here to help. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. The above helper can serve as a guide to help you "cheat" in this game. Since you "win" Voltorb Flip by uncovering all the x2 and x3 squares, you can naively assume that the square with the highest total Reward both row-wise and column-wise is the best square to uncover. (A Guide and PICTURES to go with it) This will hopefully help you master it so you can make all those coins faster and buy those TMs and Porygons. I think I had to fix the following files: Voltorb Flip point. The rules are pretty simple. Voltorb Flip Helper. Players assume the role of a monster hunter as they capture, train and breed a powerful army from more than 200 class. It will be added next update. Thank you. This will help you solve the Voltorb Flip game in Pokemon Soul Silver and Heart Gold. Voltorb (Pokémon) From Bulbapedia, the community-driven Pokémon encyclopedia. For Pokemon SoulSilver Version on the DS, a GameFAQs message board topic titled "How does luck play a small role in Voltorb Flip?". Aw. If you hit a Voltorb, you lose all your coins for that round. File Name: Voltorb Flip Helper; Version: 1. But seriously, after you learn when to bank your coins instead of flipping 50/50s without a safety. There is a Voltorb Flip solver, makes grinding for this much less painful. 4M subscribers in the pokemon community. Got to 7 a few times using basic logic like adding numbers and voltorbs to get dead rows off. 2. In any line with a value of zero, mark all cards as Voltorb. Download Voltorb-Flip for Firefox. You won't lose the coins, you get to keep them if you quit while holding some coins. . These Coins can be exchanged for. Voltorb Flip win. If you would like to see more features in VOF Solver, let us know and send an e-mail to support@admadic. Step 1: Mark the 1s. There are many, and I will choose not to play favorites, but I recommend picking one that tells. You can start flipping over cards now. This will help you solve the Voltorb Flip game in Pokemon Soul Silver and Heart Gold. ". Have Abra cost its normal 200 coins won from VF but 800 if you dished out money. you thus dont have to worry about all rows that have voltorbs and nr that equals 5 because in these rows the numbers will always be one. You can get like above 2000 coins in level 8. Maybe have a caveat where prizes cost more if you're getting them with purchased coins. Downloads: 0 This Week Last Update: 2016-07-24. MyOrignalName 13 years ago #4. Game-Solving Tool used to predict best next move in Voltorb Flip Game (minigame from Pokemon HGSS) Voltorb Flip is a variation on Minesweeper from Pokemon HeartGold and SoulSilver. 5. k. Voltorb Flip Helper v. It decreases by 1 when you lose twice in a row. Voltorb Flip "How To. I guess there's only one way to find out if they actually removed the slots code; figuring out what happens when the game calls the mini-game script command. Voltorb Flip uses secondary RNG, which is mostly static throughout the run. Obviously zero voltorbs, you can flip them all. 2. In response, Voltorb Flip was created. Voltorbs, lots of voltorbs in the game corner. 1 / 3. To be honest, I use the calculator as well. Every level, that max is increased. do you understand the rule of 5/1? In such a row, there cannot be a 3; the non-Voltorb spaces will be a 2 and three ones. I decided to replay HeartGold today. Location:221B Baker St. : (. A minigame of the Goldenrod and Celadon Game Corners in the Korean and Western releases of Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver. Solver for the Pokemon HeartGold game Voltorb Flip. You never need to find any of the ones. Trusting in the probabilities, you flip the panel, and get a 3. This is the place for most things…Oct 20, 21 at 1:31am (PST) ^. E aí pessoal, beleza? mais um vídeo tutorial para vocês, espero que gostem ;) MINHA SÉRIE DE POKÉMON SOULSILVERuse the Voltorb Flip Helper, simply enter the numbers of points and bombs for each row and column, and fill in any known squares. Accepted Answer. Pokemon03 v. Digimon World DS is the first iteration of the Digimon franchise on the Nintendo DS platform, featuring turn-based co. This is the voltorb flip helper. This program help improve student basic fandament and logics. I wish they had both slots AND Voltorb Flip, but I think the reason they took the slots out is because, well, it's gambling in a children's game. 3. I'll prefer access it trough another unused script command (to keep both Voltorb flip and slots) but to discover if is possible play the slots in international HG/SS will be enough for now play it accessing via Voltorb flip script code. Mar 29, 10 at 2:34am (PST) ^ re: Voltorb Flip solver:. You just have to be good at math and counting. New Relic provides the most powerful cloud-based observability platform built to help companies create more perfect software. Description: Voltorb Flip v1. Calling Ju. FC: 3050-7684-0447 IGN: Torrie (X,OR, Sun), Eirrot (AS)If a row has say 3 voltorbs and 2 points available, its not worth checking at all, because even if you don't hit a voltorb, you'll only get a 1 which doesn't help your score or advance you to the next level. Thanks. Not 100% it tells you the odds on screen. Step One: -Look for any rows/columns that add up to 5 (e. The number of voltorbs hidden in each column or row is displayed on the edges. That means that in a row with (example) 4 coins and 1 voltorb.